Construção e validação de vídeo educativo para estudantes de enfermagem sobre a parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica / Construcción y validación de un video educativo para estudiantes de enfermería sobre parada cardiorrespiratoria obstétrica / Construction and validation of an educational video for nursing students about obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest

RESUMO Objetivo construir, validar e avaliar vídeo educativo para estudantes de enfermagem sobre a parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica. Método estudo metodológico, composto pela construção do vídeo, validação de conteúdo por 22 especialistas em parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica e avaliação por 21 estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educacional em Saúde, para validação com os especialistas, e o questionário adaptado do Suitability Assessment of Materials, para avaliação dos estudantes. Na validação com juízes e com o público-alvo, foi considerado válido o item com concordância mínima de 80%, obtida a partir do Índice de Validação de Conteúdo e do Teste Binomial. Resultados o vídeo, com duração de 8 minutos e 53 segundos, contemplou as etapas da assistência de enfermagem na realização do suporte básico de vida à gestante acometida por parada cardiorrespiratória. Na validação de conteúdo, dos 18 itens avaliados, 16 tiveram concordância de 100%, um obteve 95% e o item restante obteve 81%. Na avaliação dos estudantes, dos 13 itens avaliados, 12 possuíram concordância de 100% e o item restante possuiu 95%. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o vídeo foi considerado válido pelos especialistas em parada cardiorrespiratória obstétrica e compreensível pelos estudantes de enfermagem, assim, trata-se de recurso educativo viável para contribuir com a formação da enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivo construir, validar y evaluar videos educativos para estudiantes de enfermería sobre parada cardiopulmonar obstétrica. Método estudio metodológico, consistente en la construcción del video, validación de contenido por 22 expertos en parada cardiorrespiratoria obstétrica y evaluación por 21 estudiantes de enfermería. Se utilizó el Instrumento de Validación de Contenidos Educativos en Salud, para la validación con los expertos, y el cuestionario adaptado del Suitability Assessment of Materials, para la evaluación de los estudiantes. En la validación con jueces y público objetivo, se consideró válido el ítem con una concordancia mínima del 80%, obtenido del Índice de Validación de Contenido y la Prueba Binomial. Resultados el video, de 8 minutos y 53 segundos, contempló los pasos del cuidado de enfermería en la realización de soporte vital básico a gestantes afectadas por paro cardíaco. En la validación de contenido, de los 18 ítems evaluados, 16 tuvieron un 100% de concordancia, uno tuvo un 95% y el restante un 81%. En la evaluación de los estudiantes, de los 13 ítems evaluados, 12 tuvieron un 100% de concordancia, y el ítem restante tuvo un 95%. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el video fue considerado válido por especialistas en parada cardiopulmonar obstétrica y comprensible por estudiantes de enfermería, por lo que es un recurso educativo viable para contribuir a la formación en enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objective to construct, validate and assess educational video for nursing students about obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest. Method this is a methodological study consisting of video construction, content validation by 22 experts in obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest and assessment by 21 undergraduate nursing students. The Health Educational Content Validation Instrument was used for validation with experts, and a questionnaire adapted from the Suitability Assessment of Materials, for student assessment. In the validation with judges and the target audience, the item with a minimum agreement of 80% was considered valid, obtained from the Content Validation Index and the binomial test, was considered valid. Results video, lasting 8 minutes and 53 seconds, contemplated nursing care stages in carrying out basic life support to pregnant women affected by cardiac arrest. In content validation, of the 18 items assessed, 16 had 100% agreement, one had 95% and the remaining item had 81%. In students' assessment, of the 13 items assessed, 12 had 100% agreement, and the remaining item had 95%. Conclusion and implications for practice the video was considered valid by experts in obstetric cardiopulmonary arrest and understandable by nursing students, thus it is a viable educational resource to contribute to nursing education.

Single-center task analysis and user-centered assessment of physical space impacts on emergency Cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to begin to address this gap using validated techniques in human factors to perform a participatory user-centered analysis of physical space during emergency Cesarean. METHODS: This study employed a mixed-methods design. Focus group interviews and surveys were administered to a convenience sample (n = 34) of multidisciplinary obstetric teams. Data collected from focus group interviews were used to perform a task and equipment analysis. Survey data were coded and mapped by specialty to identify reported areas of congestion and time spent, and to identify themes related to physical space of the OR and labor and delivery unit. RESULTS: Task analysis revealed complex interdependencies between specialties. Thirty task groupings requiring over 20 pieces of equipment were identified. Perceived areas of congestion and areas of time spent in the OR varied by clinical specialty. The following categories emerged as main challenges encountered during an emergency Cesarean: 1) size of physical space and equipment, 2) layout and orientation, and 3) patient transport. CONCLUSION: User insights on physical space and workflow processes during emergency Cesarean section at the institution studied revealed challenges related to getting the patients into the OR expediently and having space to perform tasks without crowding or staff injury. By utilizing human factors techniques, other institutions may build upon our findings to improve safety during emergency situations on labor and delivery.

Identifying optimal labor and delivery nurse staffing: The case of cesarean births and nursing hours.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have identified a relationship between nurse staffing and adverse patient outcomes in medical / surgical patient populations. However, little is known about the impact of labor and delivery (L&D) nurse staffing and adverse birth outcomes, such as unintended cesarean delivery, in low-risk term-gestation women. PURPOSE: We examined nurse staffing patterns on the likelihood of cesarean sections (C-sections) among low- risk, full gestation births and provided a testing framework to distinguish optimal from ineffective levels of nurse staffing. METHODS: This retrospective descriptive study used hours of productive nursing time per delivery as the treatment variable to determine direct nursing time per delivery and its impact on the likelihood of a C-section. For comparisons, we also assessed the likelihood of augmentations and of inductions, as well as the number of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hours per birth. We limited our sample to those births between 37 and 42 weeks of gestation. Two complimentary models (the quadratic and piecewise regressions) distinguishing optimal staffing patterns from ineffective staffing patterns were developed. The study was implemented in eleven hospitals that are part of a large, integrated healthcare system in the Southwest. DISCUSSION: While a simple linear regression of the likelihood of a C-section on nursing hours per delivery indicated no statistically distinguishable effect, our 'optimal staffing' model indicated that nurse staffing hours employed by using a large sample of hospitals were actually minimizing C-sections (robustness checks are provided using similar model comparisons for the likelihood of augmentation and induction, and NICU hours). Where the optimal staffing models did not appear to be effective for augmentations, inductions, and NICU hours, we found significant differences between facilities (i.e., significant fixed effects for hospitals). In all specifications, we also controlled for weeks of gestation, race, sex of the child, and mother's age.

COVID-19 e Vias do Nascimento, parto normal e cesariana

Variation of intrapartum care and cesarean rates among practitioners attending births of low-risk, nulliparous women.

BACKGROUND: Variation in hospital cesarean birth rates across the United States is likely because of differences in practitioner practice patterns. Yet, few studies conducted in the last twenty years have examined the relationships between practitioner characteristics and the use of intrapartum interventions and cesarean birth. The objective of this study was to examine associations among practitioner characteristics and the use of amniotomy, epidural, oxytocin augmentation, and cesarean birth in low-risk women with spontaneous onset of labor. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed using data collected by the Consortium on Safe Labor. The sample included nulliparous term singleton vertex (NTSV) births with spontaneous onset of labor (n = 13 196) from 2002 to 2007 across eight hospitals. Generalized linear mixed models were conducted to examine outcomes. RESULTS: The cesarean birth rate ranged from 7.2% to 18.9% across hospitals and from 0% to 53.3% across physicians. Practice type (P < .05) and specialty type (P < .0001) were associated with physician cesarean birth rates. Compared with obstetrician/gynecologists, midwives were nearly twice as likely to use no intrapartum interventions (relative risk 1.80 [CI 95 1.45-2.24]) and 26% less likely to use amniotomy-epidural-oxytocin (0.74 [0.62-0.89]). Family practice physicians had a 21% lower likelihood of using amniotomy-epidural-oxytocin (0.79 [0.67-0.94]) and a 53% lower likelihood of performing cesarean births (0.47 [0.35-0.63]). CONCLUSIONS: Wide variation in hospital and physician cesarean birth rates was observed in this sample of low-risk, nulliparous women. Practitioner practice type and specialty were significantly associated with the use of intrapartum interventions. Interprofessional practitioner education could be one strategy to reduce variation of intrapartum care and cesarean birth.

Associations Among Intrapartum Interventions and Cesarean Birth in Low-Risk Nulliparous Women with Spontaneous Onset of Labor.

INTRODUCTION: Cesarean birth rates vary widely across hospitals in the United States, even among women who are considered low-risk for the procedure. This variation has been attributed to differences in health care provider practice, but few studies have explored patterns of labor management in relation to cesarean birth. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of 26,259 nulliparous, term, singleton gestation, vertex presentation births following spontaneous onset of labor. Births occurred from 2002 to 2007 in 11 hospitals in the Consortium on Safe Labor. Generalized linear mixed modeling was used to examine the relationship between intrapartum interventions (amniotomy, epidural analgesia, oxytocin augmentation) used individually and in combination and the outcome of cesarean birth. RESULTS: More than 90% of the women in this low-risk sample received at least one intervention regardless of mode of birth. Epidural analgesia was the most frequently applied intervention, both when used as a single intervention (18.7%) and in combination with other interventions (79.9%). The strongest associations between these interventions and cesarean birth were observed when 2 or 3 interventions were applied during labor. Compared with women who received no interventions, the strongest association was observed among women who received amniotomy-oxytocin augmentation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.89; 95% CI, 1.36-2.62). The use of all 3 interventions (amniotomy-epidural analgesia-oxytocin augmentation) showed a similar positive association with cesarean birth (aOR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.50-2.21). DISCUSSION: Findings show that the combined use of amniotomy, epidural analgesia, and oxytocin augmentation is positively associated with cesarean birth. Additional research is needed to examine the timing and sequence of interventions as well as whether a causal relationship exists between combinations of interventions and cesarean birth in low-risk nulliparous women.

Intrapartum Care and Experiences of Women with Midwives Versus Obstetricians in the Listening to Mothers in California Survey.

INTRODUCTION: Many studies based on hospital records or vital statistics have found that childbearing women experience benefits of lower rates of intervention with midwifery care versus obstetric care during labor and birth. Surveys of women's views and experiences can provide a richer analysis when comparing intrapartum care of midwives and obstetricians. METHODS: This study was a secondary analysis of data from the population-based Listening to Mothers in California survey. The sample, which was representative of 2016 California hospital births, was drawn from birth certificate files and oversampled midwife-attended births. Women responded to the survey in English or Spanish on any device or with a telephone interviewer. The present analysis is based on 1421 of the 2539 participants who identified a midwife or obstetrician as their attendant at a vaginal birth. A bivariate analysis of demographic, attitudinal, and intrapartum variables was conducted. A multivariable model included sociodemographic and attitudinal variables as covariates. RESULTS: Bivariate analyses found significant socioeconomic differences by type of intrapartum care provider, with women in California attended by midwives more likely to be well educated and privately insured than women attended by obstetricians. Women with midwife birth attendants were less likely to report experiencing various intrapartum medical interventions, less likely to experience pressure to have epidural analgesia, and more likely to report that staff encouraged the woman's decision making. Adjusted odds ratios found that women with midwives were less likely to experience medical interventions, including attempted labor induction; labor augmentation; and use of pain medications, epidural analgesia, and intravenous fluids; and less likely to report pressure to have labor induction or epidural analgesia. Women cared for by midwives were more likely to experience any nonpharmacologic pain relief measures and nitrous oxide and to agree that hospital staff encouraged their decision making. DISCUSSION: Using women's own reports of their care experiences and adjusting for possible differences in women's attitudes and case mix, we found that midwifery care of women who had vaginal births was associated with reduced use of medical interventions and increased women's decisional latitude during labor and birth.

Preventing Cesarean Birth in Women with Obesity: Influence of Unit-Level Midwifery Presence on Use of Cesarean among Women in the Consortium on Safe Labor Data Set.

INTRODUCTION: Maternal obesity is associated with slow labor progression and unplanned cesarean birth. Midwives use fewer medical interventions during labor, and the women they care for have lower cesarean birth rates, compared with low-risk, matched groups of women cared for by physicians. The primary aim of this study was to examine associations between midwifery unit-level presence and unplanned cesarean birth in women with different body mass index (BMI) ranges. Unit-level presence of midwives was analyzed as a representation of a unique set of care practices that exist in settings where midwives work. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Consortium on Safe Labor data from low-risk, healthy women who labored and gave birth in medical centers with (n = 9795) or without (n = 13,398) the unit-level presence of midwives. Regression models were used to evaluate for associations between unit-level midwifery presence and 1) the incidence of unplanned cesarean birth and 2) in-hospital labor durations with stratification by maternal BMI and adjustment for maternal demographic and pregnancy factors. RESULTS: The odds of unplanned cesarean birth among women who gave birth in centers with midwives were 16% lower than the odds of cesarean birth among similar women at who gave birth at centers without midwives (adjusted odds ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93). However, women whose BMI was above 35.00 kg/m2 at labor admission had similar odds of cesarean birth, regardless of unit-level midwifery presence. In-hospital labor duration prior to unplanned cesarean was no different by unit-level midwifery presence in nulliparous women whose BMI was above 35.00 kg/m2 . DISCUSSION: Although integration of midwives into the caregiving environment of medical centers in the United States was associated with overall decrease in the incidence of cesarean birth, increased maternal BMI nevertheless remained positively associated with these outcomes.

Barriers to Skin-to-Skin Contact after Cesarean Birth.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to understand obstetric nurses' perceived barriers to immediate skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in the operating room (OR) after cesarean birth. METHODS: Semistructured, open-ended interviews were conducted via videoconferencing. Conventional content analysis methods were used to analyze the data for common themes. Investigation team consensus was reached to validate the analysis findings. RESULTS: Ten nurses who care for women during labor and birth were interviewed. The primary overarching theme was performing safe and effective SSC after cesarean birth. Nurses strongly believe in the benefits of SSC after cesarean and try to implement it as often as possible, but various factors prevented SSC in the OR from occurring on a regular basis. Providing immediate SSC is not considered a priority during the cesarean by all members of the team. All participants reported that there were no formal policies and procedures in their facilities for SSC in the OR. Challenges with safety, nurse staffing, and logistics were described as well as professional barriers, and varying practices between geographical location and facilities. Nurses discussed concepts that were facilitators for changing their current practices to support SSC after cesarean. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Implications: Developing effective policies and procedures that support SSC in the OR after cesarean and changing practice accordingly is recommended. Adequate nurse staffing in the OR is essential.

Doulas in the Operating Room: An Innovative Approach to Supporting Skin-to-Skin Care During Cesarean Birth.

INTRODUCTION: Skin-to-skin care (SSC) immediately after birth is recommended for all women and their newborns. Barriers to SSC after cesarean birth lead to delays in initiation of this practice. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement an innovative approach with volunteer doulas to support initiation of SSC after cesarean for all clients. PROCESS: Volunteer doulas in a well-established hospital-based program within an academic health center were trained to provide care during scheduled cesarean births in the operating and recovery rooms. Data on rate and time of SSC and client and nurse satisfaction were collected for a 12-week period. OUTCOMES: Sixty-six women received doula-supported care in the operating room. All medically stable woman-newborn couplets with complete data (N = 58) initiated SSC in the operating room and were included in the data analysis. Forty-eight women completed a feedback survey after birth. Scores indicated that clients agreed or strongly agreed that the doula was an important part of the birth experience. Feedback from labor and delivery nurses indicated highly positive attitudes about the importance of SSC and the presence of volunteer doulas. All nurses surveyed who had participated in doula care (n = 20) agreed or strongly agreed that they were satisfied with the doulas and that the doulas were prepared for this role. DISCUSSION: This project demonstrates that volunteer doulas can be prepared to provide supportive care to clients during and immediately after cesarean birth. Doulas can play an integral role in supporting the initiation of SSC after cesarean birth and are perceived as an important member of the maternity health care team by clients and nurses.

Assistência obstétrica no processo de parto e nascimento / Asistencia de parto en el proceso de parto y el nacimiento / Obstetric assistance in the process of labor and birth

Objetivo: caracterizar a assistência obstétrica vivenciada por docentes de uma Universidade Pública de Minas Gerais, durante a última experiência do processo de parto e nascimento em ambiente hospitalar. Métodos: estudo descritivo transversal quantitativo. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de dezembro/2015 a fevereiro/2016, com 40 docentes, usando um questionário de autopreenchimento. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste Mann-Whitney, definido com 5% de significância. Resultados: a via de parto de maior frequência foi a cesariana com 95% (38). A escolha do acompanhante foi possível para 92,5% (37). Na associação entre as variáveis escolha do acompanhante com a idade por ocasião do último parto, apresentou resultado estatisticamente significativo. Conclusão: pode-se ressaltar a necessidade de refletir quanto à assistência prestada à mulher durante o processo de parto e nascimento sendo uma das formas de garantir a maternidade segura e humanizada.

Objetivo: caracterizar la asistencia obstétrica experimentada por los profesores de una universidad pública de Minas Gerais durante la última experiencia del proceso de parto y nacimiento en el hospital. Métodos: cuantitativa estudio transversal. La recolección de datos se desarrolló entre diciembre/2015 a febrero/2016 con 40 profesores, mediante un cuestionario autoadministrado. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó la prueba de Mann-Whitney fijado en el 5% de significación. Resultados: El modo más frecuente de entrega fue cesárea con 95% (38). La elección de escolta era posible para 92,5% (37). La asociación entre las variables que acompaña a la elección con la edad al último nacimiento, mostró un resultado estadísticamente significativa. Conclusión: Puede ser hecho hincapié en la necesidad de reflexionar sobre la atención que se brinda a las mujeres durante el proceso de parto y el nacimiento es una de las formas de garantizar la maternidad segura y humanizada.

Objective: characterize the obstetric care experienced by teachers of a Public University of Minas Gerais, during the last experience of parturition and birth process in a hospital environment. Methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study. Data collection occurred in the months of December/2015 to February/2016, with 40 teachers, using a self-administered questionnaire. For data analysis was used the test Mann-Whitney, defined with 5% of significance. Results: The most frequent type of birth was the caesarean with 95% (38). The choice of accompanying person was possible to 92.5% (37). The association between the variables choice of accompanying person with the age at last birth, showed statistically significant result. Conclusion: can emphasize the need to reflect on the assistance provided to women during the process of parturition and birth is one of the ways to ensure safe motherhood and humanized.

Caesarean section deliveries: Experiences of mothers of midwifery care at a public hospital in Nelson Mandela Bay.

BACKGROUND: The rate of caesarean section deliveries has increased globally and mothers are faced with challenges of postoperative recovery and caring thereof. Midwives have a duty to assist these mothers to self-care. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to explore and describe experiences of post-caesarean section delivered mothers of midwifery care at a public hospital in Nelson Mandela Bay. METHODS: A qualitative, descriptive and explorative research design was used in the study. Data were collected from 11 purposively criterion-selected mothers who had a caesarean section delivery. One-on-one semi-structured interviews were conducted in the post-natal wards. Research ethics, namely autonomy, beneficence, justice and informed consent, were adopted in the study. All participants were informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without penalties. Interviews were analysed using Tesch's method of data analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes were identified as experiences of: diverse pain, physical limitation and frustration and health care services as different. CONCLUSION: Experiences of mothers following a caesarean section delivery with midwifery services at a public hospital in Nelson Mandela Bay were explored and described as diverse. A need for adequate pain management as well as assistance and breastfeeding support to mothers following caesarean delivery was identified as crucial to promote a good mother-to-child relationship.

Passive descent in the second stage: evaluation of variation in practice patterns.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the length of the second stage in nulliparous women with respect to a range of factors related to staffing and outcomes at a community hospital. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of nulliparous women presenting for delivery over a 2-year period. The primary outcomes were the presence of passive descent and length of the second stage. Secondary outcomes were mode of delivery, chorioamnionitis, and postpartum hemorrhage. RESULTS: Passive descent was observed in 198 women in the second stage. When passive descent occurred, the differences in the median length of the second stage in relation to the nursing shift increments were statistically significant, with the longest times corresponding to the middle 4 h of the nursing shifts (p = .046). Physician patients were more likely than midwife patients to undergo passive descent on weekdays (36% vs. 26%, p = .034) but not on weekends (32% for both). Though the likelihood of a vaginal delivery remained high up to 6 h into the second stage, the rate of hemorrhage and chorioamnionitis increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS: When passive descent occurred, second stage length varied depending on the time of day. These findings suggest provider behaviors impact the length of the second stage.

Dolor postoperatorio en mujeres sometidas a cesárea / Dor pós-operatória em mulheres submetidas à cesariana / Postoperative pain in women undergoing caesarean section

Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia, intensidad y calidad del dolor postoperatorio en mujeres sometidas a cesárea. Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Fueron entrevistadas 1062 mujeres sometidas a cesárea en el periodo pre y post cirugía inmediatos. La intensidad del dolor y la calidad fueron evaluadas por la Escala Numérica del Dolor (0-10) y el Test de Dolor de McGill. Las variables se analizaron utilizando medidas descriptivas y la incidencia de dolor postoperatorio calculado con un Intervalo de Confianza del 95%. Resultados: La incidencia de dolor fue del 92,7% (IC 95%: 90,9 - 94,2) y las puntuaciones de intensidad media en el momento de peor dolor, igual a 6,6 (dp=2,2) . Los descriptores más frecuentes escogidos fueron "dolorida" (91,6%), "dolorida a la palpación" (70,0%) y "palpitante" (56,1%). Conclusiones: El dolor postoperatorio de alta intensidad es una realidad en este grupo, señalando la importancia de la evaluación del dolor para la ejecución de las acciones curativas y preventivas para reducir las pérdidas en la recuperación de las mujeres (AU)

Objetivo: Estimar a incidência, intensidade e qualidade da dor pós-operatória em mulheres submetidas à cesariana. Método: Estudo tipo corte transversal. Foram entrevistadas 1062 mulheres submetidas à cesariana nos períodos pré e pós-operatório imediatos. A intensidade e qualidade da dor foram avaliadas por meio da Escala Numérica de Dor (0-10) e Questionário de Dor de McGill. As variáveis foram exploradas por meio de medidas descritivas e a incidência de dor pós-operatória calculada com Intervalo de Confiança de 95%. Resultados: A incidência de dor foi de 92,7% (IC 95%: 90,9 - 94,2). A média dos escores de intensidade, no momento de pior dor, igual a 6,6 (dp=2,2). Os descritores escolhidos com maior frequência foram "dolorida" (91,6%), "dolorida à palpação" (70,0%) e "latejante" (56,1%). Conclusões: A dor pós-operatória de elevada intensidade é uma realidade neste grupo, apontando a importância da avaliação da dor para implementação de ações curativas e preventivas que reduzam prejuízos na recuperação das mulheres (AU)

Objective: to estimate the incidence, intensity and quality for pain post-cesarean section. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 1062 post-cesarean section women were interviewed in immediates pre- and post-operative. Pain intensity and quality were evaluated through the Numerical Rating Scale (0-10) and McGill Pain Questionnaire-SF. The variables were explored by descriptive measures and the incidence of postoperative pain calculated with a 95% confidence interval. Results: the incidence of pain was 92,7% (IC 95%: 90,9 - 94,2). The average level of pain intensity at the time of worst pain was 6,6 (dp=2,2). The descriptors more frequently chosen were "aching" (91.6%) "tender" (70.0%) and "throbbing" (56.1%). Conclusions: high-intensity postoperative pain is a reality for post-cesarean section women, showing the importance of pain assessment for implementation of curative and preventive actions to reduce losses in the recovery of women (AU)

Preferência pelo tipo de parto, fatores associados à expectativa e satisfação com o parto / Preference for type of childbirth, factors associated with expectation and satisfaction with childbirth

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a preferência e a satisfação das mulheres com o tipo de parto e a associação com as características sociodemográficas e obstétricas. Estudo transversal, realizado em três etapas, com amostra de 190 puérperas. Os resultados mostraram que 68,9% desejavam parto normal e 31,1% cesárea. Foram associadas à preferência pelo parto normal: primeira gestação (p=0,042) e experiência anterior de parto normal (p<0,001); entre as mulheres que tiveram cesárea prévia a preferência prevaleceu por esta (p<0,001). Não foram evidenciadas diferenças estatísticas associadas a outras variáveis, bem como, a satisfação das puérperas. A regressão logística binária indicou associação entre experiência prévia e expectativa por tipo de parto. A experiência com parto anterior influenciou na preferência pelo tipo de parto, entretanto, não houve diferenças na satisfação das puérperas, independente se o desfecho correspondeu a expectativa.

This study aimed to analyze women's preference and satisfaction regarding the type of delivery and the association with the sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics. This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in three stages, with a sample of 190 puerperal women. The results showed that 68.9% wished natural childbirth and 31.1% wanted Cesarean section. The preference for natural childbirth was associated with first pregnancy (p=0.042) and previous natural childbirth experience (p<0.001); among women who had Cesarean section previously, the preference prevailed for Cesarean section (p<0.001). There were no statistical differences associated with other variables, as well as the puerperae's satisfaction. Binary logistic regression indicated association between previous experience and expectation by type of childbirth. The experience with previous childbirth influenced the preference for the type of childbirth; however, there were no differences in the puerperae's satisfaction, regardless of whether the outcome corresponded to the expectation.

Using Q Methodology in Quality Improvement Projects.

Q methodology consists of a philosophical framework and procedures to identify subjective viewpoints that may not be well understood, but its use in nursing is still quite limited. We describe how Q methodology can be used in quality improvement projects to better understand local viewpoints that act as facilitators or barriers to the implementation of evidence-based practice. We describe the use of Q methodology to identify nurses' attitudes about the provision of skin-to-skin care after cesarean birth.

Variation in Cesarean Birth Rates by Labor and Delivery Nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To examine variation in the cesarean birth rates of women cared for by labor and delivery nurses. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: One high-volume labor and delivery unit at an academic medical center in a major metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS: Labor and delivery nurses who cared for nulliparous women who gave birth to term, singleton fetuses in vertex presentation. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic hospital birth records from January 1, 2013 through June 30, 2015. Cesarean rates for individual nurses were calculated based on the number of women they attended who gave birth by cesarean. Nurses were grouped into quartiles by their cesarean rates, and the effect of these rates on the likelihood of cesarean birth was estimated by a logit regression model adjusting for patient-level characteristics and clustering of births within nurses. RESULTS: Seventy-two nurses attended 3,031 births. The mean nurse cesarean rate was 26% (95% confidence interval [23.9, 28.1]) and ranged from 8.3% to 48%. The adjusted odds of cesarean for births attended by nurses in the highest quartile was nearly 3 times (odds ratio = 2.73, 95% confidence interval [2.3, 3.3]) greater than for births attended by nurses in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSION: The labor and delivery nurse assigned to a woman may influence the likelihood of cesarean birth. Nurse-level cesarean birth data could be used to design practice improvement initiatives to improve nurse performance. More precise measurement of the relative influence of nurses on mode of birth is needed.